Sub—Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the region most heavily affected by HIV and AIDS. In 2008 it accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, accounting for 70% of new infections and 70% of AIDS—related deaths (UNAIDS and WHO, 2009). South Africa is one country in SSA that has been substantially affected, with an adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence rate of 18.1%
Chapter 3: Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of alcohol use disorders among HIV patients by Suwa G. Goar. Moses D. Audu, Michael T. Agbir & Edward Dachalson
The rate of alcohol consumption is high among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. People who abuse alcohol are more likely than the general population to contract HIV (Brown & Wechsberg, 2010; Kalichman, Simbayi, Kaufman, et al., 2007; Petry, 1999). Similarly, HIV infected individuals are more likely to abuse alcohol and other substances at some time during their lives (Lefvre, Brian, Maureen
Chapter 4: Influence of alcohol consumption on sexually transmitted infections by Waheed M. Alausa, Benjamin A. Olabimitan & Muniru A. Ajala
Studies have shown over time that people with alcohol use disorders are more likely to contract HIV than those without (Petry, 2005). Similarly, people with HIV are more likely to abuse alcohol at some time during their lives (Krupitsky, Horton Williams, Lioznov & Kuznetsova, 2005). The reason proffered for this is that alcohol consumption has the potential to strengthen a
Chapter 5: Influence of alcohol, gender and marital status on HIV/AIDS vulnerability by Ochinya O. Ojiji, Abayomi A. Okediji, Aladedunye Aiasin, & Enwongo A. Okediji
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Weiss, 1993; Cecil, 1998). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors (Holmes, Losina, Walensky, Yazdanpanah, Freedberg, 2003). HIV is transmitted through direct contact of
Chapter 6: Alcohol use and risk of HIV infection among male adolescents in Uyo, Nigeria by Ediomo-ubong Nelson
Introduction HIV/AIDS was recognized as a global crisis by mid 1980s (Liskin, Blackbourn & Maier, 1986). By 1986, there were an estimated 100, 000 AIDS cases worldwide, and about 10 million cases of HlV infection (WHO, cited in Kiragu, 2001). Whereas projections at the time showed that the number of AIDS-related deaths would reach 1.7 million by 2006, 3 million
Chapter 7: Alcohol use, gender and high risk sexual behaviour among undergraduates by Leonard C. Onwukwe, Nkwarn C. Uwaoma & Ann U. Madukwe
Alcohol use and its influence on high risk sexual behavior has been explored by researchers (Kaiser family foundation, 2002; O’Hare, 2005; Thompson et al., 2005; Abbey et al., 2006; Amoateng, Sabiti & Narayanan, 2007; Olisah, et al., 2009). However, most of these studies were conducted in western societies especially Europe and America. There is paucity of studies from sub-Saharan African
Chapter 8: Alcohol related problems, family type and youth HIV/AIDS risk behaviour by Okokon O. Umoh & Udoudo J. Umoh
Across the world. between 35 – 45 million people are living with HIV and AIDS ( United Nations Agency for International Development, UNAID report, 2005). Of this number, about 25.5 million live in the African continent. So far, more than 13million of them have died of this disease. South Africa is the region with highest (67%) HIV infection (Parry, 2010).
Chapter 9: At-risk behaviours of adolescents in military schools in Lagos State by Aderinola B. Abidoye & Olufunke O. Chenube
In the last decade, the term “at-risk” has made frequent appearances in educational, psychological, medical, social work and economics literature. Its origin is obscure and its use in various contexts indicates a lack of consensus regarding its meaning (Adegoke, 2003). Psychologists, social workers and counsellors use the term to denote a population of persons suffering emotional and adjustment problems. However,
Chapter 10: The demography, nature and extent of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Malawi by Thomas Bisika, Sidon Konyani & Immaculate Chamangwana
Although Malawi is one of the countries experiencing serious HIV and AIDS epidemic, its population has grown from 9.9 million in 1998 to 13.1 million in 2008 representing a 32% increase (National Statistical Office, 2008). This is a complete defiance of the worst HIV and AIDS prognosis which indicated that the growth rate for the Malawi population will decline to
Chapter 12: Influence of gender, parental family type, residential area and locus of control on illicit drug involvement among drug users in selected motor parks in Ibadan by Abiodun M. Lawal
Illicit drug use has been linked with a number of social problems like robbery, violence and youth restiveness experienced today in Nigeria. The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency and other empirical research findings point to the increasing number of young persons involved in drug use in Nigeria (NDLEA: 2007). The need for Governments to invest adequately in the country’s health