Psychological drug research field has currently proposed trait and cognitive explanations in the prediction of drug misuse (Jorge, 2006). Personality traits have long been known to be associated with drug use and/or misuse. From disinhibition personality models, Impulsivity and sensation seeking personality variables were implicated. Sensation seeking (SS) and Impulsivity, two highly similar indicators of the construct of disinhibition personality
Chapter 13: Influence of self-perception of alcohol use on differential relationship maintenance among married persons by Iboro F. A. Ottu, Helen O. Osinowo, Annasthesia O. Aguiyi, Kayode O. Taiwo, Michaei O. Akinlabi & Mfon E. Inerne
Throughout evolutionary history, the maintenance of long-term mating relationships has played an important role in human reproductive processes (Maner, Rouby &Gonzaga, 2008). Maintaining commitment to a current long-term partner has a lot of benefits (Gonzaga, Keltner, Londabl, & Smith, 2001). For example, compared to the offspring of many other mammals, human offspring have benefited from high levels of investment from
Chapter 14: Sexual victimization, partner aggression and alcohol consumption by Akanidomo Ibanga
In recent history there has been considerable attention focused on issues of childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual victimization. This may in part be due to the efforts to address related issues of sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, commercial sexual exploitation of women, and child! human trafficking. Issue of this nature have at one level increased the need for a clearer
Chapter 15: Gender locus of control and undergraduates‘ smoking habit by Gboyega E. Abikoye & Adetutu Fusigboye
According to the World Health Organization’s Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (WHO, 2008), smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the world. In 2008, tobacco smoking was estimated to have killed more than five million people — more than tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria combined; and by 2030, it is projected that the death toll will exceed
Chapter 16: Injecting drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Kenya by David M. Ndetei, Anne W, Mbwayo & Victoria Mutiso
Of the 134 countries where drug injecting was confirmed in 1999, 114 reported a relationship with HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, 1999). In 1995, it was estimated that 5-10% of all HIV/AIDS cases worldwide were due to injecting drugs of abuse through the use and sharing of contaminated needles and syringes (WHO. 1995). A multi-centre seroprevalence study in Canada at needle exchange sites found
Chapter 17: Socio-demographic characteristics and personality profiles of patients with substance use disorders by Mfon E. Ineme, Helen O. Osinowo, Rachel B. Asagba, Kayode O. Taiwo, Imisioluwa O. Ibikunle, Iboro F. A. Ottu, Onyeye A. Aguiyi, Michael O. Akinlabi & Akin O. Akinhanmi
Substance abuse remains one of the leading anti-social behaviours the world over. In many societies it is viewed as a leading cause of violence among individuals and groups. To the respective individuals, it has been a major cause of physiological illnesses such as liver, cardiovascular and cranial problems (Kazimir, 2010). It has exposed many to the risk of auto accidents
Chapter 18: Sexual risk behaviours among patients admitted for substance use disorder and schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Lagos, Nigeria by Veronica O. Nyamali, Olufemi Morakinyo & Rahmaan Lawal
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become one of the most serious healths and development challenges (Kaiser 2009). In spite of the enormous work carried out on its etiology, mode of transmission and treatment, HIV infection has continued its global spread. There were 33.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in 2008, up
Chapter 19: Assessment of co-occurring substance related disorders and mental illness among psychoactive substance users by Gloria S. Karuri, Gray G. Ejikeme & Andrew Zamani
Substance related disorders and mental illness are ailments that have been with man since the days of old. The use of psychoactive substances dates back to the primitive age when man experimented with herbs and roots for survival, both as food and medicament. While the harmless ones were chosen for food, those with psychoactive properties were kept for social and
Chapter 20: Substance use among mentally ill out-patients of Ndera psychiatric HIV unit and Kigali psychosocial consultation center. Rwanda by Alfred Ngirababyeyi, Vvonne Kayiteshonga, Beata Mukarusanga, Chantal Nyirarnugisha & Daniel Uwimana
Mental disorders can be a risk factor as well as a consequence of HIV infection. Multiple studies have shown that certain mental illnesses (including substance dependence) increase vulnerability to HIV infection (Bogart et al., 2006; Stoff1 et ai., 2004). HIV infection can also lead to psychological reactions that range from emotional distress to frank mental disorders.’The stress of living with
Chapter 21: Prevalence and specific psychosocial factors associated with substance use and psychiatric morbidity among patients with HIV infection at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State. Nigeria by Mufutau A. Yunusa, Ayodele Obembe, Taofeek Ibrahim and Chibueze H. Njoku
There is no gainsaying that HIV infection has assumed a pandemic nature the world over. In addition to its contribution to morbidity and mortality, possible relationship of outcome of treatment with psychiatric morbidity and substance use presents another dimension to the disease. In one study, about 50% of patients with HIV infection had substance use problems; 18.5% were frequent users