Alcohol drinks have been the oldest and the most widely used intoxicating substance since prehistoric times. As European explorers and empires expanded their territories across the world between 1500s – 1900s, they noticed indigenous alcoholic drinks in all places except Australasia, Oceania and North America roughly north of the US-Mexico border (Room, 2013). It has also been noted that alcohol
Chapter 16: The burden of usage and attitude of alcohol consumption among taxi drivers in South Africa by Dauda A. Busan & ltumeleng Mekoa
Globally, substance abuse is a cause of increased concern. Literatures have associated consumption of alcohol to a major contributory factor to manifest and latent violence, crime, and bodily injuries, as well as to other economic, social, in addition to the healthy harms. The World Health Organisation argued that consumption of alcohol in a way is harmful and a major cause
Chapter 17: Analysis of alcohol advertising on television and compliance with Apcon regulations in Nigeria by Anietie Etteyft, Okokon Umoh, Anthony Udoh &Mbuk Mboho
Advertising is simply defined as a paid form of non-personal promotion, by an identified sponsor or sponsors, transmitted through mass mediated channel, with the objective of persuading prospects to purchase a product, adopt an idea, accept a process, or point of view, (Hasan, 2013; Belch, Belch & Purani, 2010; Arens, Weigold & Arens, 2008; Akpan, 2006) One of the major
Chapter 18: Familial drinking habit, emotional stability and alcohol use in a sample of male and female adolescents in lbadan, Nigeria and Abiodun M. Lawal
Alcohol has been globally reported to be the most frequently used psychoactive substance by adolescents (Olumide, Robinson, Levy, Mashimbye, et al., 2014; Atilola, et al., 2014; Hibell, et al., 2009; Johnston, et al., 2010). In same manner, high proportion of alcohol use by adolescents has been severally reported in Nigeria (ldowu, Fatusi & Olajide, 2016; Hamisu, Ahmad & Lim, 2014;
Chapter 19: Transnational alcohol industries, alcohol marketing and the drinking behaviours of Nigerian youths: Implications lot policies by Emeka W. Dumbili
Internationally, research shows that students engage in heavy drinking rituals (Andrade et al., 2012; Kypri et al., 2005), and suffer diverse alcohol-related problems (lwamoto at al., 2011; O’Brien et al., 2013). Growing evidence suggests that one of the reasons why aicohol consumption is high amongst students is due to the prevalent marketing outlets, advertising, sales promotions and sponsorship of social
Chapter 1: Substance use and HIV/AIDS in Africa by Isidore S. Obot, Akan J. Ibanga & Andrew Zamani
The 2010 global report on the AIDS epidemic (UNAIDS, 2010) paints a positive picture of the current situation globally and in Africa. Though levels of infections are still high, the epidemic showed signs of stabilization or decline since the 1990s, including in sub—Saharan Africa where the epidemic has been at the centre of public health concerns for more than thirty
Chapter 2: ls there a causal relationship between alcohol and HIV? Implications for policy, practice and future research by Charles A. H. Parry, Jurgen Rehm & Neo K. Morojeie
Sub—Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the region most heavily affected by HIV and AIDS. In 2008 it accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, accounting for 70% of new infections and 70% of AIDS—related deaths (UNAIDS and WHO, 2009). South Africa is one country in SSA that has been substantially affected, with an adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence rate of 18.1%
Chapter 3: Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of alcohol use disorders among HIV patients by Suwa G. Goar. Moses D. Audu, Michael T. Agbir & Edward Dachalson
The rate of alcohol consumption is high among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. People who abuse alcohol are more likely than the general population to contract HIV (Brown & Wechsberg, 2010; Kalichman, Simbayi, Kaufman, et al., 2007; Petry, 1999). Similarly, HIV infected individuals are more likely to abuse alcohol and other substances at some time during their lives (Lefvre, Brian, Maureen
Chapter 4: Influence of alcohol consumption on sexually transmitted infections by Waheed M. Alausa, Benjamin A. Olabimitan & Muniru A. Ajala
Studies have shown over time that people with alcohol use disorders are more likely to contract HIV than those without (Petry, 2005). Similarly, people with HIV are more likely to abuse alcohol at some time during their lives (Krupitsky, Horton Williams, Lioznov & Kuznetsova, 2005). The reason proffered for this is that alcohol consumption has the potential to strengthen a
Chapter 5: Influence of alcohol, gender and marital status on HIV/AIDS vulnerability by Ochinya O. Ojiji, Abayomi A. Okediji, Aladedunye Aiasin, & Enwongo A. Okediji
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Weiss, 1993; Cecil, 1998). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors (Holmes, Losina, Walensky, Yazdanpanah, Freedberg, 2003). HIV is transmitted through direct contact of