Introduction HIV/AIDS was recognized as a global crisis by mid 1980s (Liskin, Blackbourn & Maier, 1986). By 1986, there were an estimated 100, 000 AIDS cases worldwide, and about 10 million cases of HlV infection (WHO, cited in Kiragu, 2001). Whereas projections at the time showed that the number of AIDS-related deaths would reach 1.7 million by 2006, 3 million
Chapter 7: Alcohol use, gender and high risk sexual behaviour among undergraduates by Leonard C. Onwukwe, Nkwarn C. Uwaoma & Ann U. Madukwe
Alcohol use and its influence on high risk sexual behavior has been explored by researchers (Kaiser family foundation, 2002; O’Hare, 2005; Thompson et al., 2005; Abbey et al., 2006; Amoateng, Sabiti & Narayanan, 2007; Olisah, et al., 2009). However, most of these studies were conducted in western societies especially Europe and America. There is paucity of studies from sub-Saharan African
Chapter 8: Alcohol related problems, family type and youth HIV/AIDS risk behaviour by Okokon O. Umoh & Udoudo J. Umoh
Across the world. between 35 – 45 million people are living with HIV and AIDS ( United Nations Agency for International Development, UNAID report, 2005). Of this number, about 25.5 million live in the African continent. So far, more than 13million of them have died of this disease. South Africa is the region with highest (67%) HIV infection (Parry, 2010).
Chapter 9: At-risk behaviours of adolescents in military schools in Lagos State by Aderinola B. Abidoye & Olufunke O. Chenube
In the last decade, the term “at-risk” has made frequent appearances in educational, psychological, medical, social work and economics literature. Its origin is obscure and its use in various contexts indicates a lack of consensus regarding its meaning (Adegoke, 2003). Psychologists, social workers and counsellors use the term to denote a population of persons suffering emotional and adjustment problems. However,
Chapter 10: The demography, nature and extent of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Malawi by Thomas Bisika, Sidon Konyani & Immaculate Chamangwana
Although Malawi is one of the countries experiencing serious HIV and AIDS epidemic, its population has grown from 9.9 million in 1998 to 13.1 million in 2008 representing a 32% increase (National Statistical Office, 2008). This is a complete defiance of the worst HIV and AIDS prognosis which indicated that the growth rate for the Malawi population will decline to
Chapter 12: Influence of gender, parental family type, residential area and locus of control on illicit drug involvement among drug users in selected motor parks in Ibadan by Abiodun M. Lawal
Illicit drug use has been linked with a number of social problems like robbery, violence and youth restiveness experienced today in Nigeria. The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency and other empirical research findings point to the increasing number of young persons involved in drug use in Nigeria (NDLEA: 2007). The need for Governments to invest adequately in the country’s health
Chapter 11: Influence of sensation-seeking and impulsivity on drug use among youths in Ibadan by Anastasia O. Aguiyi, Kayode O. Taiwo, Helen O. Osinowo, Mfon E. Ineme, Iboro, F. A. Ottu & Olugbenga M. Akinlabi
Psychological drug research field has currently proposed trait and cognitive explanations in the prediction of drug misuse (Jorge, 2006). Personality traits have long been known to be associated with drug use and/or misuse. From disinhibition personality models, Impulsivity and sensation seeking personality variables were implicated. Sensation seeking (SS) and Impulsivity, two highly similar indicators of the construct of disinhibition personality
Chapter 13: Influence of self-perception of alcohol use on differential relationship maintenance among married persons by Iboro F. A. Ottu, Helen O. Osinowo, Annasthesia O. Aguiyi, Kayode O. Taiwo, Michaei O. Akinlabi & Mfon E. Inerne
Throughout evolutionary history, the maintenance of long-term mating relationships has played an important role in human reproductive processes (Maner, Rouby &Gonzaga, 2008). Maintaining commitment to a current long-term partner has a lot of benefits (Gonzaga, Keltner, Londabl, & Smith, 2001). For example, compared to the offspring of many other mammals, human offspring have benefited from high levels of investment from
Chapter 14: Sexual victimization, partner aggression and alcohol consumption by Akanidomo Ibanga
In recent history there has been considerable attention focused on issues of childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual victimization. This may in part be due to the efforts to address related issues of sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, commercial sexual exploitation of women, and child! human trafficking. Issue of this nature have at one level increased the need for a clearer
Chapter 15: Gender locus of control and undergraduates‘ smoking habit by Gboyega E. Abikoye & Adetutu Fusigboye
According to the World Health Organization’s Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (WHO, 2008), smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the world. In 2008, tobacco smoking was estimated to have killed more than five million people — more than tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria combined; and by 2030, it is projected that the death toll will exceed